Foraging association of lionfish and moray eels in a Red Sea seagrass meadow
Malik S. Naumann
Christian Wild
Abstract
Interspecific foraging associations of fish occur as shoaling or attendant interactions and can generate important benefits such as increased prey availability and reduced predation risk for the involved fishes (Lukoschek and McCormick 2002). Key elements of an interspecific attendant foraging association are the nuclear species, initiating and maintaining foraging associations, and the associated species that follow the foraging nuclear species for varying periods of time. Further, certain interspecific attendant foraging associations are highly communicative and cooperative (Bshary et al. 2006). Here, we report on the attendant foraging association of the lionfish Pterois volitans with the moray eel Gymnothorax griseus, as observed in a shallow coastal seagrass meadow located in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, close to Dahab, Egypt. On six consecutive days (1–6 March 2013), individual P. volitans or groups of conspecifics (≤3) were observed in close association with individual G. griseus foraging between seagrass leaves during the afternoon (Fig. 1a, b). Associations were initiated when lionfish spotted moray eels from the water column, subsequently following them and then attending G. griseus forays, thereby displaying their species-specific hunting posture (i.e., lowered head, flared pectoral fins) (ESM 1). This close association was maintained for extended periods (>1 h), during which G. griseus hunted or rested, while P. volitans either scavenged on startled benthic prey organisms or remained on alert. Such interspecific groups were observed in close vicinity to each other (Fig. 1c) and occasionally merged to larger groups consisting of two G. griseus and up to four P. volitans (ESM 1). Based on our observations, we classify this attendant foraging association as the following and scavenging type (Ormond 1980), where G. griseus acts as a nuclear species and P. volitans as an attendant commensal. Potential specific benefits for both associated predators remain to be investigated.
Naumann M.S. and Wild C. (2013) Foraging association of lionfish and moray eels in a Red Sea seagrass meadow. Coral Reefs 32(4): 1111-1111. 10.1007/s00338-013-1079-0
@article{Naumann2013,
Title = {Foraging association of lionfish and moray eels in a Red Sea seagrass meadow},
Author = {Naumann, Malik S. and Wild, Christian},
Editor = {},
Journal = {Coral Reefs},
Year = {2013},
Pages = {1111-1111},
Volume = {32},
Doi = {10.1007/s00338-013-1079-0},
Abstract = {Interspecific foraging associations of fish occur as shoaling or attendant interactions and can generate important benefits such as increased prey availability and reduced predation risk for the involved fishes (Lukoschek and McCormick 2002). Key elements of an interspecific attendant foraging association are the nuclear species, initiating and maintaining foraging associations, and the associated species that follow the foraging nuclear species for varying periods of time. Further, certain interspecific attendant foraging associations are highly communicative and cooperative (Bshary et al. 2006). Here, we report on the attendant foraging association of the lionfish Pterois volitans with the moray eel Gymnothorax griseus, as observed in a shallow coastal seagrass meadow located in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, close to Dahab, Egypt. On six consecutive days (1–6 March 2013), individual P. volitans or groups of conspecifics (≤3) were observed in close association with individual G. griseus foraging between seagrass leaves during the afternoon (Fig. 1a, b). Associations were initiated when lionfish spotted moray eels from the water column, subsequently following them and then attending G. griseus forays, thereby displaying their species-specific hunting posture (i.e., lowered head, flared pectoral fins) (ESM 1). This close association was maintained for extended periods (>1 h), during which G. griseus hunted or rested, while P. volitans either scavenged on startled benthic prey organisms or remained on alert. Such interspecific groups were observed in close vicinity to each other (Fig. 1c) and occasionally merged to larger groups consisting of two G. griseus and up to four P. volitans (ESM 1). Based on our observations, we classify this attendant foraging association as the following and scavenging type (Ormond 1980), where G. griseus acts as a nuclear species and P. volitans as an attendant commensal. Potential specific benefits for both associated predators remain to be investigated.},
}
TY - JOUR
AU - Naumann, Malik S.
AU - Wild, Christian
TI - Foraging association of lionfish and moray eels in a Red Sea seagrass meadow
T2 - Coral Reefs
PY - 2013
SP - 1111-1111
VL - 32
DO - 10.1007/s00338-013-1079-0
AB - Interspecific foraging associations of fish occur as shoaling or attendant interactions and can generate important benefits such as increased prey availability and reduced predation risk for the involved fishes (Lukoschek and McCormick 2002). Key elements of an interspecific attendant foraging association are the nuclear species, initiating and maintaining foraging associations, and the associated species that follow the foraging nuclear species for varying periods of time. Further, certain interspecific attendant foraging associations are highly communicative and cooperative (Bshary et al. 2006). Here, we report on the attendant foraging association of the lionfish Pterois volitans with the moray eel Gymnothorax griseus, as observed in a shallow coastal seagrass meadow located in the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, close to Dahab, Egypt. On six consecutive days (1–6 March 2013), individual P. volitans or groups of conspecifics (≤3) were observed in close association with individual G. griseus foraging between seagrass leaves during the afternoon (Fig. 1a, b). Associations were initiated when lionfish spotted moray eels from the water column, subsequently following them and then attending G. griseus forays, thereby displaying their species-specific hunting posture (i.e., lowered head, flared pectoral fins) (ESM 1). This close association was maintained for extended periods (>1 h), during which G. griseus hunted or rested, while P. volitans either scavenged on startled benthic prey organisms or remained on alert. Such interspecific groups were observed in close vicinity to each other (Fig. 1c) and occasionally merged to larger groups consisting of two G. griseus and up to four P. volitans (ESM 1). Based on our observations, we classify this attendant foraging association as the following and scavenging type (Ormond 1980), where G. griseus acts as a nuclear species and P. volitans as an attendant commensal. Potential specific benefits for both associated predators remain to be investigated.
ER -
