Protecting global marine animal forests

@article{Rossi2022,
  Title = {Protecting global marine animal forests},
  Author = {Rossi, Sergio and Bramanti, Lorenzo and Horta, Paulo and Allcock, Louise and Carreiro-Silva, Marina and Coppari, Martina and Dennis, Vianney and Hadjioannou, Louis and Isla, Enrique and Jimenez, Carlos and Johnson, Mark and Mohn, Christian and Orejas, Covadonga and Ramšak, Andreja and Reimer, James and Rinkevich, Baruch and Rizzo, Lucia and Salomidi, Maria and Samaai, Toufiek and Schubert, Nadine and Soares, Marcelo de Oliveira and Thurstan, R.H and Vassallo, Paolo and Ziveri, Patrizia and Zorrilla-Pujana, Juanita},
  Editor = {},
  Journal = {Science},
  Year = {2022},
  Pages = {929-929},
  Volume = {376},
  Doi = {10.1126/science.abq7583},
  Abstract = {Despite years of awareness raised through international initiatives such as the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26) (1), the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) (2), and the Ecosystem Restoration decade (3), human activities continue to deeply transform marine ecosystems (4). Sustainable Development Goal 14—Life Below Water—is the least-funded and most-underrepresented objective in the European Union (2), with decades of budget allocation delay for ocean research and conservation. Benthic ecosystems suffer from the effects of bottom trawling, urban and agricultural pollution, bioinvasions, climate change, and other anthropogenic pressures (5). Among these ecosystems, marine animal forests, which are dominated by benthic suspension feeders such as sponges, hard corals, and gorgonians, form three-dimensional habitats (6) that are particularly vulnerable to disturbances (7). 
Marine animal forests include habitats ranging from coastal to deep sea, representing one of the largest biomes on Earth (8). The forests are ecologically relevant as biodiversity hotspots and nursery grounds, and evidence suggests that they have the potential to provide ecosystem services (9), especially by ameliorating the effects of climate change by immobilizing carbon (10). However, information on distribution, population dynamics, connectivity, and ecosystem functioning of key marine animal forest species is still lacking. Although technology is available to gather the needed data (11), these targets are not currently a political priority. Anthropogenic disturbances, past and present (12), jeopardize the ecological processes of marine animal forests and threaten the services they provide to human societies worldwide. These communities urgently need conservation, monitoring, and restoration far beyond the efforts made up to now. Protecting marine animal forests requires scientific, social, and political investment in increasing our knowledge. With a more extensive understanding, we will be able to properly manage these threatened habitats. Given that their eradication will have substantial negative consequences for the maintenance of plan-
etary health, marine animal forests should be prioritized in conservation plans.},
}

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossi, Sergio
AU  - Bramanti, Lorenzo
AU  - Horta, Paulo
AU  - Allcock, Louise
AU  - Carreiro-Silva, Marina
AU  - Coppari, Martina
AU  - Dennis, Vianney
AU  - Hadjioannou, Louis
AU  - Isla, Enrique
AU  - Jimenez, Carlos
AU  - Johnson, Mark
AU  - Mohn, Christian
AU  - Orejas, Covadonga
AU  - Ramšak, Andreja
AU  - Reimer, James
AU  - Rinkevich, Baruch
AU  - Rizzo, Lucia
AU  - Salomidi, Maria
AU  - Samaai, Toufiek
AU  - Schubert, Nadine
AU  - Soares, Marcelo de Oliveira
AU  - Thurstan, R.H
AU  - Vassallo, Paolo
AU  - Ziveri, Patrizia
AU  - Zorrilla-Pujana, Juanita
TI  - Protecting global marine animal forests
T2  - Science
PY  - 2022
SP  - 929-929
VL  - 376
DO  - 10.1126/science.abq7583
AB  - Despite years of awareness raised through international initiatives such as the UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26) (1), the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) (2), and the Ecosystem Restoration decade (3), human activities continue to deeply transform marine ecosystems (4). Sustainable Development Goal 14—Life Below Water—is the least-funded and most-underrepresented objective in the European Union (2), with decades of budget allocation delay for ocean research and conservation. Benthic ecosystems suffer from the effects of bottom trawling, urban and agricultural pollution, bioinvasions, climate change, and other anthropogenic pressures (5). Among these ecosystems, marine animal forests, which are dominated by benthic suspension feeders such as sponges, hard corals, and gorgonians, form three-dimensional habitats (6) that are particularly vulnerable to disturbances (7). 
Marine animal forests include habitats ranging from coastal to deep sea, representing one of the largest biomes on Earth (8). The forests are ecologically relevant as biodiversity hotspots and nursery grounds, and evidence suggests that they have the potential to provide ecosystem services (9), especially by ameliorating the effects of climate change by immobilizing carbon (10). However, information on distribution, population dynamics, connectivity, and ecosystem functioning of key marine animal forest species is still lacking. Although technology is available to gather the needed data (11), these targets are not currently a political priority. Anthropogenic disturbances, past and present (12), jeopardize the ecological processes of marine animal forests and threaten the services they provide to human societies worldwide. These communities urgently need conservation, monitoring, and restoration far beyond the efforts made up to now. Protecting marine animal forests requires scientific, social, and political investment in increasing our knowledge. With a more extensive understanding, we will be able to properly manage these threatened habitats. Given that their eradication will have substantial negative consequences for the maintenance of plan-
etary health, marine animal forests should be prioritized in conservation plans.
ER  -