Mangrove ecosystems are considered Nature-based Solutions for climate change-mitigation, because of their potential as carbon sinks, but are increasingly threatened by deforestation, land conversion and climate change. This study evaluates Total Ecosystem Carbon (TEC) stocks across mangrove stands of varying ages and hydrogeomorphological settings at seven sites in Indonesia—Pariaman (western Sumatra), Indramayu, Brebes, Pemalang, Pekalongan, Surabaya and Madura Island (northern and eastern Java). Vegetation carbon biomass was estimated using published allometric equations, while sediment organic carbon was quantified via the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Samples containing visible coral fragments were treated with diluted acid to remove carbonate carbon, ensuring a focus on organic carbon stocks. TEC varied significantly across locations and stand age classes, while hydrogeomorphological settings showed no significant effect. Higher mean TEC values were generally observed in intermediate to older mangrove stands (particularly 15–20 years) and in estuarine settings, although substantial variability occurred among sites. However, SOC, which represented the dominant component of TEC across all sites, did not vary significantly among stand age classes. Brebes exhibited the highest TEC stocks (358 ± 51 Mg C ha−1), whereas Pariaman (197 ± 81 Mg C ha−1) and Surabaya (223 ± 41 Mg C ha−1) showed comparatively lower values. SOC represented the dominant component of TEC across all sites, while basal area was the strongest predictor of vegetation carbon biomass. These findings highlight the combined influence of stand development and site-specific environmental conditions on mangrove carbon stocks and may inform more context-specific management approaches.
Rahim A., Zimmer M., Helmi M., Jumari J., Lukman L. and Soeprobowati T.R. (2026) Ecosystem carbon stocks across mangrove stand ages and hydrogeomorphological settings in Indonesia. 301: 105727. 10.1016/j.csr.2026.105727
@article{Rahim2026,
Title = {Ecosystem carbon stocks across mangrove stand ages and hydrogeomorphological settings in Indonesia},
Author = {Rahim, Aulia and Zimmer, Martin and Helmi, Muhammad and Jumari, Jumari and Lukman, Lukman and Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih},
Year = {2026},
Pages = {105727},
Volume = {301},
Doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2026.105727},
Abstract = {Mangrove ecosystems are considered Nature-based Solutions for climate change-mitigation, because of their potential as carbon sinks, but are increasingly threatened by deforestation, land conversion and climate change. This study evaluates Total Ecosystem Carbon (TEC) stocks across mangrove stands of varying ages and hydrogeomorphological settings at seven sites in Indonesia—Pariaman (western Sumatra), Indramayu, Brebes, Pemalang, Pekalongan, Surabaya and Madura Island (northern and eastern Java). Vegetation carbon biomass was estimated using published allometric equations, while sediment organic carbon was quantified via the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Samples containing visible coral fragments were treated with diluted acid to remove carbonate carbon, ensuring a focus on organic carbon stocks. TEC varied significantly across locations and stand age classes, while hydrogeomorphological settings showed no significant effect. Higher mean TEC values were generally observed in intermediate to older mangrove stands (particularly 15–20 years) and in estuarine settings, although substantial variability occurred among sites. However, SOC, which represented the dominant component of TEC across all sites, did not vary significantly among stand age classes. Brebes exhibited the highest TEC stocks (358 ± 51 Mg C ha−1), whereas Pariaman (197 ± 81 Mg C ha−1) and Surabaya (223 ± 41 Mg C ha−1) showed comparatively lower values. SOC represented the dominant component of TEC across all sites, while basal area was the strongest predictor of vegetation carbon biomass. These findings highlight the combined influence of stand development and site-specific environmental conditions on mangrove carbon stocks and may inform more context-specific management approaches.},
}
TY - JOUR
AU - Rahim, Aulia
AU - Zimmer, Martin
AU - Helmi, Muhammad
AU - Jumari, Jumari
AU - Lukman, Lukman
AU - Soeprobowati, Tri Retnaningsih
TI - Ecosystem carbon stocks across mangrove stand ages and hydrogeomorphological settings in Indonesia
PY - 2026
SP - 105727
VL - 301
DO - 10.1016/j.csr.2026.105727
AB - Mangrove ecosystems are considered Nature-based Solutions for climate change-mitigation, because of their potential as carbon sinks, but are increasingly threatened by deforestation, land conversion and climate change. This study evaluates Total Ecosystem Carbon (TEC) stocks across mangrove stands of varying ages and hydrogeomorphological settings at seven sites in Indonesia—Pariaman (western Sumatra), Indramayu, Brebes, Pemalang, Pekalongan, Surabaya and Madura Island (northern and eastern Java). Vegetation carbon biomass was estimated using published allometric equations, while sediment organic carbon was quantified via the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Samples containing visible coral fragments were treated with diluted acid to remove carbonate carbon, ensuring a focus on organic carbon stocks. TEC varied significantly across locations and stand age classes, while hydrogeomorphological settings showed no significant effect. Higher mean TEC values were generally observed in intermediate to older mangrove stands (particularly 15–20 years) and in estuarine settings, although substantial variability occurred among sites. However, SOC, which represented the dominant component of TEC across all sites, did not vary significantly among stand age classes. Brebes exhibited the highest TEC stocks (358 ± 51 Mg C ha−1), whereas Pariaman (197 ± 81 Mg C ha−1) and Surabaya (223 ± 41 Mg C ha−1) showed comparatively lower values. SOC represented the dominant component of TEC across all sites, while basal area was the strongest predictor of vegetation carbon biomass. These findings highlight the combined influence of stand development and site-specific environmental conditions on mangrove carbon stocks and may inform more context-specific management approaches.
ER -
